Erosion Facts

Erosion refers to the process by which the surface of the earth is worn and carried away from a site by the natural influences of forces such as wind, water and gravity, according to Science Clarified.

Wind and Water

• Wind can carry fragments of soil and rock away. In doing so, it helps change the shape of exposed surfaces on mountains, cliffs and coastal areas. The flow of water loosens and carries away soil and sand along rivers, beaches and anywhere rain falls or water accumulates. Areas lacking vegetation are more prone to erosion.

Ice and Gravity

• The movement of glaciers can carve up the underlying ground, creating valleys and fjords. Gravity pulls the sediment downslope. Natural forces often act in concert to erode a site. Erosion can be a gradual event that occurs over thousands of years, or more quickly and drastically, as when a landslide or extensive flood occurs.

Human Activities

• Human activities like logging, mining, and construction can speed erosion. Such events alter the vegetation, disturb the soil surface and make it easier for natural forces to erode an area and cause long-term changes that are potentially destructive.