How2Day: Facts About Moulds

Mold, also called mildew, refers to microscopic fungi that live nearly everywhere. Molds have existed for millions of years, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Like other fungi, mold help break down dead material, such as dead leaves. Since mold damages items and causes health problems in some individuals, some people are concerned about mold in their homes or workplaces. You can't eliminate all mold, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but controlling moisture is essential to indoor mold control.

Mold often grows in spots and can appear orange, white, green, brown or black. A musty smell usually accompanies mold growth. Mold usually grows in damp areas.

Mold reproduces by producing tiny spores, which float through the air. After landing on a damp area, spores grow by gradually digesting the nutrients in their surface. Spores continue to multiply when living on a damp surface. Some molds produce sticky spores that easily adhere to surfaces, according to the EPA.

Molds typically thrive in damp locations. Inside, molds tend to grow in bathrooms, basements, damp crawl spaces or anywhere near a leak. Mold can grow on paper, wood, ceiling tiles, carpet, upholstery, dust, paints, insulation, wallpaper and drywall.

Exposure to mold or mold spores can cause allergic reactions, such as sneezing, skin rash and a runny nose, in some people. Mold can also trigger asthma attacks and irritate the eyes, throat, lungs and skin. People with suppressed immune systems may develop mold infections in their lungs from inhaling spores.

Wear rubber gloves and a HEPA filter respirator when cleaning moldy surfaces. Discard absorbent materials, such as paper or carpet, that have developed mold growth. Clean non-porous surfaces, such as tile, with soap and water. Then disinfect the area with a solution of 1/2 cup bleach and a gallon of water. Never mix bleach and ammonia, and make sure you open windows when using bleach. Let the bleach solution air-dry on the surface to kill all mold.

Prevent mold growth in your home by keeping humidity between 40 and 60 percent, according to the CDC. Use exhaust fans in your kitchen and bathroom to increase ventilation. If necessary, use air conditioning or a dehumidifier to reduce humidity. Fix any plumbing leaks to prevent excess moisture. If flooding occurs, clean the area within 24 to 48 hours.

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