How2Day: Types of Ethernet LAN

Ethernet is a frame-based computer networking technology for local area networks (LAN). Ethernet stations communicate by sending each other data packets and blocks of data individually sent and delivered within the network. Available since the 1980s and now widely used for wired LANs, this constantly evolving technology already features the use of fiber optics.

Introduced in 1995, Fast Ethernet is one of the newer versions of Ethernet that supports a data transmission rate of up to 100 megabits per second (Mb/s). It is a collective term used for a number of Ethernet standards carrying traffic in a much faster rate than the original Ethernet speed of 10 Mb/s. Using a Fast Ethernet adapter logically divided into a Media Controller (MAC), this technology links to a Physical Layer Interface (PHY) through a synchronous parallel interface called the Media Independent Interface (MII) or a 2-bit 50 MHz variant of a Reduced Media Independent Interface (RMII). Hubs also allow connections to multiple PHYs while utilizing their different interfaces within the network. The MII takes charge of the Fast Ethernet connection's theoretical maximum data bit rate.

After three years of the Fast Ethernet being the fastest Ethernet version available, the Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) took its place by supporting a data transmission rate of up to 1,000 Mb/s or 1 gigabit per second (Gb/s), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. For a Gigabit Ethernet, a half-duplex or full-duplex with switches feature gigabit links connected through hubs according to the specifications allowed by the system. Gigabit Ethernet provides different physical layer standards options, which include using optical fiber (1000BASE-X), twisted pair cable (1000BASE-T) or balanced copper cable (1000BASE-CX).

Industrial Ethernet (IE) uses an Ethernet network protocol geared toward use in an industrial environment. This network is primarily used for automation and process control in production facilities. It allows automation systems interconnected throughout processing plants to provide effective communication performance among many industrial controllers. The components of an Industrial Ethernet are designed to work in harsh and demanding environments, including extreme temperature, humidity and vibration.

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