Types of Radiant Floor Heat

• Radiant heating systems are installed with wall panels, in the ceiling or, the most common method, directly to the floor. More energy-efficient than baseboard heating, radiant heat is also potentially more efficient than forced-air heating. Radiant floor heating is available in three types, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Electrical

• Electric radiant heat is cost-effective if the thermal mass of the concrete floor is relatively large, according to Old House Web. Electric radiant heating consists of electric cables installed in the floor. Another type of electric radiant heat is an electrically conductive plastic mat installed between the floor covering and the subflooring. Some electric companies offer programs such as off-peak or time-of-use rates. Usually off-peak hours occur from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. These options are ideal for the electric radiant floor heating system. If the thermal mass of the concrete floor is large enough, stored heat will generally last approximately eight to 10 hours. By charging the system during periods of lesser overall usage, you will save money on your electrical and heating expenses.

Liquid

• Liquid radiant floor heating systems, referred to as hydronic, are the most cost-efficient and popular for cooler climate regions, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. A pattern of tubing is laid underneath the flooring. Heated water is pumped through the tubing from a central boiler. By placing thermostats in specific areas or rooms, you control the temperature through zoning pumps or valves located in the tubing.

Heated Air

• Air-heated radiant floor heat systems pump heated air through the floor by means of a conventional furnace. Unable to hold large amounts of heat, radiant air floor heat is rarely installed in private homes. Sometimes combined with solar air heating systems, the benefits of such an approach are limited. Because solar energy is limited to daylight hours and heat is not "stored" in the air, in colder climates more heating is required during nighttime hours.