Who Invented the Magnetometer?

A magnetometer is a scientific instrument that can measure the strength of a magnetic field or the magnetic properties of objects. Advanced magnetometers measure magnetic fields in space.

Invention of the Magnetometer

• The first magnetometer was invented by Carl Fredrich Gauss in the 1830s. Gauss invented the magnetometer while participating in the first worldwide survey of the Earth's magnetic field. Before his invention, no device existed that could measure the strength of a magnetic field. Gauss felt one was necessary for him to complete the survey.

About Carl Frederich Gauss

• Gauss, a German mathematician and scientist, was born in 1777 and died in 1855. He is probably best known for his contributions to mathematics. He is still recognized for his work in number theory, probability theory and geometry, as well as for contributions in astronomy and electromagnetism.

Gauss's Other Inventions

• Gauss invented several devices to aid him in his research. When asked to carry out a geodesic survey of the German state of Hanover, he invented the heliotrope, a measuring device that worked by reflecting the sun's rays. He devised a novel method of astronomic observation---now called the method of least squares---which helped him rediscover the asteroid Ceres. Gauss also created a primitive telegraph device.