What Makes Zebra Mussels Stick?

Zebra mussels are small, bivalve (meaning two-shelled) mollusks that are commonly found in North American lakes and rivers. Their name comes from the fact that these mussels are black and white in color.

Where Did They Come From?

• Zebra mussels are not native to North America, in fact, their migration here is believed to be accidental. Scientists and historians think that zebra mussels were first introduced to North America around 1985, likely from ballast water released from a visiting European cargo ship.

How They Move Around

• Fertilized zebra mussel larvae (known as veligers) are easily carried hundreds of miles by strong water currents before they settle and attach themselves to tree trunks, pipes and rocks. The larvae and adult mussels also often hitch rides on unsuspecting boat hulls and marine equipment.

How They Stick

• Once the zebra mussels have found the perfect place to attach, they secrete very strong, sticky fibers known as byssal threads from a gland in their foot. Young mussels are sometimes able to detach their byssal threads and move to another location on the water currents, but once most mussels attach themselves to a surface, they will remain there for the duration of their lives, up to six years.