How2Day: Drill Bits for Tapping Maple Trees

Tapping maple trees for sap begins every spring when winter wanes and the sun begins climbing higher. Depending on the style of the taps to be installed, either traditional metal spiles or newer style plastic taps, sugar makers need a drill to create the tapping holes in the trunks of sugar maples trees. While the diameter of these drills varies, they will either be deep-fluted twist drills or auger bits. The Cornell University maple syrup FAQ web page suggests using a 7/16-inch diameter drill, while the University of Cincinnati's Clermont College of Agriculture recommends a 3/8-inch size.

Twist drills designed for tapping can be acquired in three different diameters of either 5/16, 3/8 or 7/16 inches. The traditional 3/8-inch size is used when metal spiles (taps) are employed, while the 5/16- and 7/16-inch models get used if a sugar maker is installing plastic taps. All three models have a deep cutting flute and have been machined to nearly razor sharpness, which is required because the tap hole is being drilled into a tree that is still frozen solid. The sharp edges create a smooth-sided hole. The recommended depth for a tap hole is approximately 2 inches. Regardless of the diameter, expect to pay about $20 in November 2010 for a properly made drill bit of this type.

Designed specifically to stand up to the rigors of tapping, 7/16-inch auger bits have several advantages over twist drills. The steel is treated to harden it and help maintain a sharp edge to the cutting flute. To enable the bit to bite into the tree, it is also outfitted with a threaded screw tip, which literally draws the auger into the wood. The flute pulls out the wood chips as the auger makes its way forward. The flute, too, drills a smooth-sided hole; however, once the recommended 2-inch depth is reached, it must be backed out by reversing the drilling device, whether it is a traditional brace (hand drill) or power tool.

After tapping has been completed, the drill bit or auger should be wiped down thoroughly with a clean cloth or rag. Following that, a coating of vegetable oil should be applied to the entire length of the tool. Never use petroleum based oils as they will harm maple trees because of their chemical content. After the drill is thoroughly coated, wrap it in a clean towel, and place it in a dry location. A conscientious sugar maker never allows her tools to become rusty or uses her sugaring drill for anything except tapping trees.

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